Therefore, the growing global demand for crude oil, together with its fast depletion rate, and the implementation of a more stringent environmental legislation on liquid fuels boost the use of alternative and sustainable hydrocarbon sources. Furthermore, the global proved oil reserves account only for around 45 years at the current consumption ratio, whereas the estimates of the extent of available reserves of natural gas and coal seem to be around 50 and 132 years, respectively (BP Statistical Review, 2020). In the past 10 years, oil consumption has grown globally by an average of 1.1% (1.1 million barrels per day), Asia being the region that has shown the highest growth, where coal consumption is still dominant. The major part of hydrocarbons on earth are produced from crude oil, which provide approximately 33% of the current world’s primary energy requirements, followed by coal (27%) and natural gas (24%). Hydrocarbons are the most widely used chemicals and fuels and are the main driving force of occidental social well-being. Finally, the main conclusions, advantages, limitations, and perspectives of using carbon catalyst supports for FTS are outlined. Some aspects such as the carbon textural properties, carbon support modification (functionalization and doping), catalyst preparation methods, metal particle size and location, catalyst stability and reducibility, the use of promoters, and the catalyst performance for FTS are summarized and discussed. Then, the most relevant and recent literature on the topic from the last 2 decades is reviewed, classifying the different examples according to the carbon structure and shape. The main factors to consider when using a carbonaceous catalyst support for FTS are first discussed. The use of carbon-based materials as catalyst supports for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is thoroughly reviewed.
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